Currently, different studies seek to represent soil surfaces taking advantage of parameters obtained from SPT reports. In this case, the spatial resolution analysis can help to understand the coverage of the dataset. In Brazil, SPTs have specific legislation and are regulated by [5]. Through georeferenced data, thematic maps are developed for the understanding of the characteristics of the study area, which will assist in the geotechnical analyses and data validation. The maps generated by the interpolation of the groundwater elevation in each SPT borehole allow to understand the behavior of the water table and can be used to verify the groundwater flow. The authors proposed criteria to guide the foundation type algorithm based on the precepts of economic feasibility exposed in [25] for shallow foundations and the limitations of the Eq. We are IntechOpen, the world's leading publisher of Open Access books. In this case, it is observed that groundwater flows from the higher elevations to the lower elevations, tending to flow to the main river of the city. Coverage of the dataset—spatial resolution [19]. It contains more than 130 000 classified records of wells, boreholes and springs within England and Wales; a unique database of hydrogeological information. This information allows understanding the behavior of the water table among the studied region and, associated with the topography, to understand the directions of the groundwater flow. In the case presented, it is possible to understand the difference between the water table level in each period, with higher groundwater level during the rainy season and smaller one in the dry season, as expected. Finally, the organization of different applications and methods to treat geological-geotechnical information in GIS environment intended to show the efficiency of to take advantage of pre-existing data. Based on the type and length of the foundations executed in 20 buildings distributed along the study area, the foundation suitability and the pile maximum length maps could be validated [20]. It is recommended to include information about water table, considering that the presence of groundwater can guide the decision-making regarding the foundation type to be adopted. In this step, based on the graphic and vector data, the objects referring to each layer (administrative limit and hydrography, for example) are isolated in their own layer and georeferenced. In southern Chennai/India, in 2014, [13] developed water level, N-value contour lines and bearing capacity maps at different depths. The holdout method is shown in Figure 4. In 2001, in Bangkok/Thailand, using 200,000 STP boreholes, [14] performed a three-dimensional soil profile generation, proposing the composition of a database for that. This chapter described practical applications of modeling and processing of database in GIS environment, using pre-existing data such as Standard Penetration Test Investigations. What causes the Earth’s climate to change? Authors: Combellick, R.A., Mayer, J.L., Sink-Blair, K.D., and Weems, S.M. Boreholes range from one to several thousand metres deep. An example developed in [19] of these maps is showed in Figure 12, for the Blumenau urban area. Interactive Map Select study locations by region, proximity to a point or text-based attributes. To download, select each table, and then under "Options", select "Export to CSV." Furthermore, through empirical and semi-empirical approaches available in the literature, this study produced orientation maps regarding foundation type: shallow or deep, allowable stress of the soil and maximum length of the piles commonly performed in the region. In this way, N-value contour lines, soil types and groundwater level maps were developed to guide land use and occupation policies, due to their strategic information for elaboration of risk and flooding maps, for example. The ownership and copyright of the borehole scans (hereinafter referred to as ‘the Records’) will at all times be retained by UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) and/or the commissioning authority under whose auspices the relevant work was carried out. Also handling the database, [19, 20] used the N-value to create an orientation map of the foundation type (shallow or deep). In case of similarity of the greatest depth of impenetrable and lower groundwater depth, select the borehole with the lowest sum of N-value along the length of the borehole. You’ve accepted all cookies. The Records are supplied on a non-exclusive basis, for use by you/your organisation. Obtaining Data at the World Data Center Search Datasets. Likewise, the N-value greater than 20 (higher limit of the Eq. Disclaimer; Table Structure and Description; Borehole Data Download Instructions. With the structured data, it is possible to start the data processing in a GIS environment, by consolidating and georeferencing the acquired data (graphical and SPT data), developing thematic maps and a geodatabase (associated with the boreholes location). The cases approach a larger scale using 507 SPT boreholes to analyze a university campus with 1 km2 and on a smaller scale using 537 SPT boreholes to analyze a city with 207.2 km2 of urban area. So, in order to stimulate further studies in the field, this chapter intends to clarify some ways to take advantage of pre-existing geotechnical data (SPT reports) and the methods of mapping and data processing, exemplifying the results by means of two cases. The resulting information is increasingly closer to reality when in possession of a robust database, that means a larger number of SPT boreholes distributed throughout the study area associated with a validation process. These maps are a basis for the characterization of the topography. For more information about our datasets, technologies and map viewers please contact us, Fluid and Rock Processes Laboratory Cluster, Rock Volume Characterisation Laboratory Cluster, Integrated resource management in Eastern Africa, Donations and loans of materials collections. Welcome to the CGS Borehole Database. Two cases are shown to exemplify the method application and its results, including the characterization of the topographic relief through Digital Elevation Model (DEM), slope and hydrographic map and the development of soil, groundwater and foundation maps using a geological-geotechnical database composed basically by SPT data. The admissible soil stress for the shallow foundation is defined in [24] as: Valid for natural soils with 5 ≤ N-value ≤ 20. Borehole records are produced from a geologist’s or surveyor’s observations of the rock core extracted from the ground and typically include locality and lithological descriptions with depth and thickness.

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