It was however not enough to form a majority. .] The Catholic hierarchy believed that, on the cusp of the Civil war, the violence directed against it was the result of a plan, "a program of systematic persecution of the Church was planned to the last detail." In the course of the Red Terror, 6,832 members of the Catholic clergy, 20% percent of the nation's clergy,[49] were killed. In Madrid, a nun was killed because she refused a proposition of marriage from a militiaman who helped storm her. Inoltre 4.172 sacerdoti diocesani, 2.364 monaci e frati, tra i quali 259  clarettiani , 226  francescani , 204  scolopi , 176 fratelli di Maria, 165  fratelli cristiani (chiamati anche fratelli De La Salle) , 155  agostiniani , 132  domenicani e 114  gesuiti erano ucciso. The assault on religion allowed erstwhile monarchists like Gil Robles and José María Lamamié de Clairac to pose as the true defenders of the people. Nelle elezioni del 1933 per le Cortes Generales, la CEDA vinse una pluralità di seggi, ma il presidente Niceto Alcalá-Zamora rifiutò di invitare il leader della CEDA a formare un governo. Following the general election of February 16, 1936, political bitterness grew in Spain. Il presidente Manuel Azaña ha fatto il commento ben pubblicizzato che tutti i conventi di Madrid non valevano una vita repubblicana. Durante la guerra, i nazionalisti affermarono che 20.000 sacerdoti erano stati uccisi; la cifra è ora stimata in 4.184 sacerdoti, 2.365 membri di altri istituti religiosi e 283 suore, la stragrande maggioranza durante l'estate del 1936. L'atteggiamento verso il "terrore rosso" variava da parte repubblicana. La notizia del colpo di stato militare di destra nel luglio 1936 scatenò una risposta rivoluzionaria e nessuna regione repubblicana sfuggì alla violenza rivoluzionaria e anticlericale, sebbene fosse minima nei Paesi Baschi . Thousands of the victims of Franco's repression were, however, left in roadsisde graves or even stuffed down wells. are El Socialista's regular reports extolling the work of the Atadell brigade", a group of Republican agents who engaged in detentions and frequently murders of (in the end) up to 800 Nationalists. In March 1922, Lenin instructed the Politburo to “confiscate all church property with all the ruthless energy we can still muster.”. Template:Religious persecution There are accounts of the people connected to the Catholic Church being forced to swallow rosary beads, being thrown down mine shafts and of priests being forced to dig their own graves before being buried alive. Approximately 50,000 Spaniards were extrajudicially executed in Republican Spain, following the failure of the military rebellion in July 1936. Sono stati uccisi 13 vescovi delle diocesi di Siguenza Lleida , Cuenca , Barbastro , Segorbe , Jaén , Ciudad Real , Almeria , Guadix , Barcellona , Teruel e l'ausiliare di Tarragona . (Lerroux himself lost his seat in parliament. Le vittorie furono celebrate con servizi religiosi, le leggi anticlericali furono abolite e l'educazione religiosa fu resa nuovamente legale. . This result, when coupled with the Socialists' refusal to participate in the new government, led to a general fear of revolution. Elettoralmente, la Chiesa si era identificata con la destra, che si era opposta alla riforma sociale. Secondo Payne, "Durante i primi mesi dei combattimenti la maggior parte delle morti non proveniva da combattimenti sul campo di battaglia, ma da esecuzioni politiche nelle retrovie: i terrori" Rosso "e" Bianco ". The Red Terror in Spain (Template:Lang-es) was a semi-organized activity carried out by sections of nearly all left-wing groups involved in the Spanish Civil War against people associated with right-wing groups or the Catholic Church, including arrest and executions. However these statements were meant only to remove any moderates from his coalition. . He writes those regions of Spain controlled by the Popular Front – the alliance of socialists and Communists largely controlled by Moscow: were the scenes of dramatic religious persecution. Il più grande spargimento di sangue anticlericale avvenne all'inizio della guerra civile, quando vaste aree del paese caddero sotto il controllo dei lealisti e delle milizie locali. But under these circumstances, she has no option but to side with those who started out, defending her freedom and right to exist. Prima della guerra civile, lo stato dell'establishment politico era stato brutale e violento per qualche tempo. It brought to power a coalition from six different parties headed by Niceto Alcala Zamora, a Catholic and a landowner from Cordoba. Tra gli scioperi si segnalò la rivolta dei minatori nel nord della Spagna e le rivolte a Madrid. Mary Vincent, Catholicism in the Second Spanish Republic p.136, Redzioch, Wlodzimierz (interviewing historian Vicente Carcel Orti), Mary Vincent , Catholicism in the Second Spanish Republic, Oxford, 1996, p.255, Mary Vincent, Catholicism in the Second Spanish Republic, p,248 and p.258, "Apéndice. With the total 1939 victory of the Nationalists over the Republicans in the Civil War in Spain, the Red Terror ended in that country, although individual terror attacks seem to have continued sporadically, carried out by remnant Communists [69] and Socialists, hiding in French border regions, but without great results. The terror consisted of semi-organized actions perpetrated by almost all of the leftist groups, Basque nationalists, largely Catholic but still mostly aligned with the Republicans, being an exception. Il Terrore Bianco potrebbe aver ucciso 50.000, forse meno, durante la guerra. He writes those regions of Spain controlled by the Popular Front – the alliance of socialists and Communists largely controlled by Moscow: were the scenes of dramatic religious persecution. [34], "During the first months of the fighting most of the deaths did not come from combat on the battlefield but from political executions in the rear—the 'Red' and 'White' terrors. Nel 2007 il Vaticano ha beatificato 498 sacerdoti uccisi dall'esercito repubblicano durante la guerra civile. From there it broadened out to wholesale arrests, and sometimes wholesale executions, of landowners and industrialists, people associated with right-wing groups or the Catholic Church. – Most historians agree that the death toll of the White Terror was much higher than that of the Red Terror, and the White Terror occurred over a much longer period, continuing after the war. Secondo Julio de la Cueva, il bilancio del Terrore Rosso è stato di 72.344 vite. [18] The controversial articles 26 and 27 of the constitution, strictly controlled Church property and prohibited religious orders from engaging in education. A process of political polarisation had characterised the Spanish Second Republic – party divisions became increasingly embittered and questions of religious identity came to assume a major political significance. [15][16] The Cardinal urged Catholics to vote in future elections against an administration which in his view wanted to destroy religion. Less well-understood yet is what preceded them: economic collectivism and the confiscation of Christians’ property. Those who sought to lead the 'ordinary faithful' had insisted that Catholics had only one political choice. " The historian Mary Vincent, in her study of the Church in Salamanca in the 1930s , believes this Republican legislation, in affecting the devotional lives of ordinary Catholics, "greatly eased the task of its opponents. Il" terrore rosso "ne aveva già uccise 38.000". La violenza consisteva nell'uccisione di decine di migliaia di persone (inclusi 6.832 sacerdoti cattolici romani , la stragrande maggioranza nell'estate del 1936 sulla scia del colpo di stato militare), attacchi alla nobiltà spagnola , industriali e politici conservatori, nonché come la profanazione e l'incendio di monasteri e chiese. The defeat of the Republic, in Stalin's eyes, was caused not by the NKVD's diversionary efforts, but by the treachery of the heretics. 14 settembre: 3400 sacerdoti vengono assassinati durante le prime fasi della guerra. La paura si acuì quando Largo Caballero , salutato come "lo spagnolo Lenin" dalla Pravda , annunciò che il Paese era all'apice della rivoluzione. The number of victims of the Nationalist repression, during and after the war, was undoubtedly greater than that. Yet collectivism and militant atheism are growing as the prime threats to those of any faith, including faith in our common Western civilisation. Tuttavia, secondo Antony Beevor, l'accusa nazionalista del 1946 per atrocità repubblicane non conteneva prove di alcun simile incidente. Nearly all rebellions were crushed by the Government and political arrests followed. Hostility between both the left and the right increased after the formation of the Government.

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