Walpole insisted that he alone should be able to approach the king on official business, and he established a successful cabinet system. All the prime ministers have played an important part in politics, but a number of them have emerged as particularly significant leaders. The Northern Ireland Assembly was established soon after the Belfast Agreement (or Good Friday Agreement) in 1998. By continuing to use this site, you consent to the terms of our cookie policy, which can be found in our. Towns, cities and rural areas in the UK are governed by democratically elected councils, often called ‘local authorities’. Therefore, those MP’s who are selected for a Cabinet post will be expected to be suitably loyal to the Prime Minister who has put them in this position. This is made up of civil servants, political advisors, party political supporters from business, trade unions etc and ‘spin doctors’. Improved homework resources designed to support a variety of curriculum subjects and standards. There has been a Welsh Assembly and a Scottish Parliament since 1999. Choose a language from the menu above to view a computer-translated version of this page. Accessible across all of today's devices: phones, tablets, and desktops. This left room for one of the ministers to take charge. 10 Downing Street is the office of the British Prime Minister. Each department also has a number of other ministers, called Ministers of State and Parliamentary Under-Secretaries of State, who take charge of particular areas of the department’s work. He or she appoints the members of the cabinet (see below) and has control over many important public appointments. This can also help in policy issues and can also lead to the role of the Cabinet being by-passed. Spencer Perceval is famous for being the only British prime minister to be assassinated (killed). This can be a president or a monarch (king or queen). Since 1997, some powers have been devolved from the central government to give people in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland more control over matters that directly affect them. It has used this power several times in Northern Ireland when local political leaders found it difficult to work together. The Cabinet Office is headed by the Cabinet Secretary who is also head of the Civil Service. They play an important role in politics. Pressure groups, support groups, individuals etc. The Prime Minister plays a major role in directing India’s foreign policy. London has 33 local authorities, with the Greater London Authority and the Mayor of London coordinating policies across the capital. The Prime Minister can be changed if the MPs in the governing party decide to do so, or if he or she wishes to resign. They have branches in most constituencies and hold policy-making conferences every year. The leader of the opposition usually becomes Prime Minister if his or her party wins the next General Election. The Prime Minister appoints about 20 senior MPs to become ministers in charge of departments. In 1979 Margaret Thatcher became the first female prime minister. The prime minister is responsible for all the government’s policies and decisions. The office developed in the United Kingdom in the 1700s. It sits in Edinburgh, the capital city of Scotland. other ministers (called ‘Secretaries of State’) responsible for subjects such as education, health and defence. Many of these decisions have to be debated or approved by Parliament. They also deliver public services. It is also a meeting place where important visitors are entertained. The Prime Minister (PM) is the leader of the political party in power. Others campaign on particular topics, such as the environment (for example, Greenpeace) or human rights (for example, Liberty). The Prime Minister himself does not have any departmental responsibilities. The first official parties were the Conservative and Liberal parties that were formed in the middle of the 1800s. Britannica does not review the converted text. The official home of the Prime Minister is 10 Downing Street, in central London, near the Houses of Parliament. The prime minister is responsible for all the government’s policies and decisions. In some countries prime ministers are called premiers or chancellors. As senior positions within the Civil Service are appointed by the Prime Minister, it is likely that those who aspire to be senior civil servants will do little to tarnish their reputation with regards to their relationship to the Prime Minister. This approach is contrary to civil service recruitment practice. Some claim that by doing this, the Prime Minister surrounds himself with ‘yes’ people – those who simply accept the wishes of the Prime Minister and rarely get involved in robust discussions at Cabinet meetings. Many prime ministers have followed his example and used it as their official residence (office and home). The personalisation of politics is an analytically separate process, and affects parliamentary and presidential systems alike. They form the shadow cabinet and their role is to challenge the government and put forward alternative policies. He has to work very closely with the Prime Minister. The UK has a free press. Many candidates stand for council election as members of a political party. After translating an article, all tools except font up/font down will be disabled. The Prime Minister also has his own Prime Minister’s Office based at 10, Downing Street. Therefore, in theory, he does have more time to spend in maintaining control he has over his party. Some newspaper owners and editors hold strong political opinions and run campaigns to try to influence government policy and public opinion. Therefore, when it comes to the Cabinet to discuss already discussed policy issues, some political analysts argue, that the policy will be passed but the process of Cabinet discussion will have taken place. The second-largest party in the House of Commons is called the opposition. **The Whigs and Tories were not official parties. The term prime minister originated in France in the 1600s. The National Assembly has 60 Assembly members (AMs) and elections are held every four years using a form of proportional representation. The devolved administrations each have their own civil service. By law, radio and television coverage of the political parties must be balanced and so equal time has to be given to rival viewpoints. Each member of the cabinet has an area of responsibility, such as health or education. Most countries in the world have a prime minister as the head of government. A prime minister is the head of government in a country with a parliamentary system. There are 129 members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs), elected by a form of proportional representation. She claims that Cabinet meetings she attended – the agenda of which is drawn up by the Prime Minister – were no more than sessions where Blair’s policy beliefs were supported. Written evidence submitted by Professor Martin Smith and Professor David Richards, Department of Politics, University of Sheffield. We hope you and your family enjoy the NEW Britannica Kids. 10 Downing Street is the address of the building where the British prime minister lives and works. How much this has influence over a Prime Minister is difficult to assess but some have said that the current Head of Communications at 10, Downing Street, Alastair Campbell, has too much of a ready access to the Prime Minister, and more influence than the Cabinet. He or she also has a country house outside London called Chequers. The Prime Minister usually resigns if his or her party loses a General Election. Proceedings in Parliament are broadcast on television and published in official reports called Hansard. Sir Robert Walpole Sir Robert Walpole moved into 10 Downing Street in 1735. In January 2020 the prime minister’s chief adviser, Dominic Cummings, wrote a blogpost asking people to send him a CV if they wanted to work in No.10. For most local authorities, local elections for councillors are held in May every year. The official home of the Prime Minister is 10 Downing Street, in central London, near the Houses of Parliament. Some areas have both district and county councils, which have different functions. is regarded as the first British prime minister. He was shot dead in the lobby of the House of Commons in 1812. By controlling influential committees, the Prime Minister can also ensure that he drives the policies of these committees. It looks small from the outside, but actually it is two buildings joined as one. Chancellor of the Exchequer – responsible for the economy, Home Secretary – responsible for crime, policing and immigration, Foreign Secretary – responsible for managing relationships with foreign countries. Most people get information about political issues and events from newspapers (often called ‘the press’), television, radio and the internet. The roles of the prime minister and the president as leaders of their parties are entirely different.

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