He belonged to a branch of the family of Gerard of Ince in Lancashire. The only known copy is in the Sloane collection at the British Library. [5] Deborah Harkness notes that Gerard was not part of the community of Lime Street naturalists in London at the time. Yet, the Herball as published contains so much that undoubtedly came from Gerard himself, and its production, even with the possible aid of Priest’s translation, was so massive a task that it seems charitable to credit him with the whole, It remains a valuable source of information about the plants available in western European gardens at the end of the sixteenth century and about the Latin and vernacular names then applied to them. To this day Yucca bears the name Gerard gave it. John Gerard was very much known to the Gunpowder conspirators of 1605 and it was Gerard who blessed the original group of conspirators at a house he rented in London. Marble Websites [5][2][6], Gerard married Anne (or possibly Agnes), who died in 1620, and by her had five children, of whom only one, Elizabeth, survived them. The same being put into iunketting dishes, cakes, sauces, and many other pleasant things, giueth a fine and delectable taste. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. Garret was a Huguenot living and working in London, and a neighbour of L'Obel. Gerard's lack of scientific training and knowledge led him to frequently include material that was incorrect, folklore or mythical, such as the barnacle tree that bore geese (see illustration). He added over 800 new species and 700 figures. Generally, these somewhat unscientific early scientists contented themselves with listing plants and occasionally other things like animals and minerals, and noting their medical uses.[15][41]. Complete PDF-Version of this book. [5] The Flemish botanist L'Obel (also called Matthias de l'Obel or Lobelius) wrote an introduction to the text.George Baker describes this garden in his preface to the Herball as follows "all manner of strange trees, herbes, rootes, plants, floures and other such rare things, that it would make a man wonder, how one of his degree, not having the purse of a number, could ever accomplish the same". [3], According to Anna Pavord, Gerard was a doer, not a thinker and a plantsman, not a scholar. [15] At the time it was considered the best and most exhaustive work of its kind, and a standard reference for some time. Knight, Leah (2009), Of Books and Botany in Early Modern England. John Gerard died in February 1611, and is buried in St. Andrew’s Church, Holborn. He explained his methodology in his preface: ‘Now it remaines I acquaint you with what I haue performed in this Edition, which is either by mending what was amisse, or by adding such as formerly were wanting…. [41] The basis for Gerard's Herball, like those of Dodoens and other herbalists, was the De Materia Medica of Dioscorides, an early Greek writer whose work was considered a definitive text, as well as the works by Gerard's contemporaries, the German botanists Leonard Fuchs, after whom Fuchsia is named, and L'Obel after whom Lobelia is named (from the Latin form of his name, Lobelius). National Center for Biotechnology Information, Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Such a vast work was necessarily compiled from other works and much of it came from Dodoens’ Stirpiurn historiae pemtades ex. He would also visit other collectors and nurserymen such as Richard Pointer of Twickenham, Master Fowle, keeper of the Queen's house at St. James and Master Huggens, keeper of the garden at Hampton Court. The latter were included because Johnson felt he should put the matter straight, having ‘met with some that haue too much admired him, as the only learned and iudicious writer.’ With an editor like this Gerard did not require any additional enemies! Prabook is a registered trademark of World Biographical Encyclopedia, Inc. John Gerard was a British botanist and herbalist. Both Fuchs and L'Obel were early botanists who worked empirically with plants. In 1597 he was elected junior warden of the Barber-Surgeon’s Company and in 1608 master. barber-surgeon. [1][3][7] In the Annals of the company, published in 1890, a biography of Gerard appears under a list of "Eminent Members". By this meanes, and after this manner was the Worke of my Author made vp, which was printed at the charges of Mr Norton. Now to this historie figures were wanting, which also Mr Norton procured from Frankfort, being the same wherewith the Works of Tabernamontanus were printed in Dutch: but this fell crosse for my Author, who (as it seemes) hauing no great iudgement in them, frequently put one for another: and besides, there were many plants in those Authors which he followed, which were not in Tabernamontanus, and diuers in him which they wanted, yet he put them all together, and one for another; and oft times by this means so confounded all, that none could possibly haue set them right, vnlesse they knew this occasion of these errors. [15] At the time it was considered the best and most exhaustive work of its kind, and a standard reference for some time. Gerard was born at Nantwich, Cheshire, towards the end of 1545, receiving his only schooling at nearby Willaston, about two miles away. Two decades after Gerard's death, the book was corrected and expanded to about 1700 pages. Nothing is known of his parentage,[1][2] but the coat of arms on his Herball implies he was a member of the Gerards of Ince. [5] Deborah Harkness notes that Gerard was not part of the community of Lime Street naturalists in London at the time. John Gerarde. © 2020 Such a vast work was necessarily compiled from other works and much of it came from Dodoens’ Stirpiurn historiae pemtades ex. Herbals: their origin and evolution. [25] This edition reused hundreds of woodblocks from Jacobus Theodorus Tabernaemontanus' Kräuterbuch or Eicones Plantarum seu stirpium (Frankfurt, 1590),[23][8] which themselves had been reused from earlier 16th-century botanical books by Pietro Andrea Mattioli, Rembert Dodoens, Carolus Clusius, and L'Obel. 24-41. Gerard was born at Nantwich, Cheshire, towards the end of 1545, receiving his only schooling at nearby Willaston, about two miles away. John Gerard was born at Nantwich, Cheshire, towards the end of 1545. Garret made a chance visit to the Norton publishing shop, where he discovered the proofs of the Herball, and alerted the Nortons as both to errors he discovered in the proofs and to the incorporation of some of L'Obel's material in Gerard's new book. [3] He was made an examiner of candidates for admission to the freedom of the company on 15 January 1598 and Junior Warden in August 1597, under the mastership of George Baker. To this day Yucca bears the name Gerard gave it. Nantwich Museum – [26][5] Nevertheless, the work, which includes more than 1,000 plants in 167 chapters remained popular, providing in English much information about the names, habits and uses ("vertues") of many plants known and rare. The work is divided into three books. All rights reserved. This became popular, and he received gifts of seeds and plants from around the world. [22][5][8] It is thought this was to disguise the original source.[23]. He became a member of the Court of Assistants (board of directors) on 19 June 1595, despite being accused of defaming the wife of a colleague in 1578. 361-23. Cambridge University Press. [12] The Yucca failed to bloom during his lifetime, but a pip taken from his plant later bloomed for a contemporary. Registered Charity No. In 1596 he requested that the Barber–Surgeons' Company establish a physic garden ("Mr. Gerrard's garden") in East Smithfield, but this was not proceeded with. As can be seen on the Dodoens webpage of this site, numbers 4, 5 and 6 were clearly taken from Dodoens’ woodcuts. The Edward Worth Library (1733), The care bestowed by Johnson in correcting what Raven calls “the errors of Gerard’s book, the misplaced pictures, the confused species, the blunders of fact” and madding much new material made his edition a popular and standard work, which proved of especial value in promoting the study of the British flora well into the eighteenth Century. NIH As Pavord (2005) states, the London focus, so evident in Gerard’s comments on roses, was a feature of the text as whole. In 1596 Gerard issued a catalog of his plants, the first such in England, followed by a second edition in 1599. https://www.amazon.co.uk/Gerards-Herball-Generall-Historie-Plantes-ebook/dp/B006LN4W5Y/?tag=prabook0b-20, Botanist [8][9] By 1595, when he was appointed to the Court of Assistants, he had established a reputation as a skilled herbalist and spent much time commuting from the Court to the garden he established close to his cottage in the suburb of Holborn, London and also attending to his duties for Burghley. As curator of the College garden, he would have been familiar with Priest, and his work. Although this book is probably not so gross an example of successful piracy and plagiarism as it is sometimes considered. Gerard’s Herball also references many of the poisonous plants mentioned in Shakespeare’s plays. Dr. Steevens’ Hospital, *None of the treatments and remedies mentioned should be attempted. John Gerard was a key religious figure in late Elizabethan and Stuart England. [4][2][3], Gerard had a successful career with the Barber–Surgeons' Company. [20] For instance, the first description of the potato in English appeared in this work,[21] although he mistakenly believed it came from Virginia rather than South America (see illustration). [23] Because it was a practical and useful book, packed with helpful drawings of plants, and because Gerard had a fluid and lively writing manner, his Herball was popular with ordinary literate people in 17th-century England. In 1604 Queen Anne (the consort of James 1) granted to John Gerard (who was described as a Surgeon and Herbalist to the King), a lease of a garden plot adjoining Somerset House, on the condition that he supplied her with herbs, flowers, and fruit. NLM John Gerard worked within the early wave of Renaissance natural historians, who sought to systematise natural history while retaining the works of the ancients. [4], In 1596, Gerard published his Catalogue (Catalogus arborum, fruticum, ac plantarum tam indigenarum, quam exoticarum, in horto Johannis Gerardi civis et chirurgi Londinensis nascentium), a list of rare plants (1,039 different kinds) he cultivated in his own garden at Holborn, where he introduced exotic plants from the New World, including a plant he misidentified as the Yucca. John Gerard … Garth, who described Gerard as "a worshipful gentleman and one that greatly delighteth in strange plants" had South American contacts from where he would import rarities. Gerard undoubtfully acquired a detailed firsthand knowledge of them, which reflected in his Herball. [19] He then incorporated as-yet-unpublished material from his friend, L'Obel and also material from the work of Clusius and rearranged this to more closely follow and L'Obel's scheme from his 1570 Stirpium adversaria nova. [19] He then incorporated as-yet-unpublished material from his friend, L'Obel and also material from the work of Clusius and rearranged this to more closely follow and L'Obel's scheme from his 1570 Stirpium adversaria nova. ISBN 9781108016711.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) The iuice of these roses, especially of Damask, doth moue to the stoole, and maketh the belly soluble: but most effectually that of the Musk roses: next to them is the iuice of the Damask, which is more commonly used. Although this book is probably not so gross an example of successful piracy and plagiarism as it is sometimes considered.

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