Zebu cattle have been reported to suffer from intoxication by grazing on A. houstonianum; symptoms include acute internal haemorrhages and a sub-acute photodynamic dermatitis. It was cultivated in Europe by 1822, and reported in Salzburg (Austria) by 1860 (Johnson, 1971). , 2012. Leaves are applied to wounds to stop bleeding (Bodner and Gereau, 1988). A revision of Kuntze's types of new Javan species. Flora of Guatemala. Proceedings of the 24th Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference, Bandung, Indonesia, October 22-25, 2013. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). There are many types of Ageratum, but Ageratum houstonianum is the most commonly used in both home and display gardens of all kinds. Catalogue of the Seed Plants of the West Indies. www.europe-aliens.org/default.do, Flora of China Editorial Committee, 2016. A contribution to our knowledge of the wild and cultivated flora of Pennsylvania. 97 (3), 261-264. Rhodora, 107(931):284-329, Tennyson S, Balaraju K, Park KyungSeok, Ravindran KJ, Eapen A, William SJ, 2012. Seeds also attach easily to animals (BioNet-EAFRINET, 2016), and are reported as attaching to clothes, vehicles and to spread through contaminated agricultural produce. (2013) report the species as an invasive which has affected ecosystems, causing the decline of native species in Assam, India. Leningrad, USSR: Academiae Scientiarum, Maroyi A, 2006. A contribution to our knowledge of the wild and cultivated flora of Pennsylvania. Declared weeds & alien invader plants. DOI:10.3119/0035-4902(2005)107[0284:AVPIM]2.0.CO;2, Thoden T C, Hallmann J, Boppré M, 2009. Last update on 2019-06-13: Now containing 11906 plants. It was brought to Europe shortly after its discovery, where its use as an ornamental started (Johnson, 1971). (Asteraceae) leaf extracts against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). In: Brittonia, 3 (1) 75-90. Intercropping with aromatic plants hindered the occurrence of. It was brought to Europe shortly after its discovery, where its use as an ornamental started (. Tropicos database., St. Louis, Missouri, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden. Weeds of Australia (2016) lists the following distinguishing characters: The genus Ageratum is also closely related to Alomia. Nursery websites report the plant does not tolerate frost, although some state that the plants might survive, but with reduced to no flowering. HortScience, 40(3):680-684, Jacobson M, 1982. In: Journal of Biogeography, 19 (4) 421-430. Establishes easily in open soil in cultivated land. Although Palmer (2004) cites it as recently introduced in Hawaii, Fosberg (1943) collected the species at Honolulu in 1937, reporting it as escaped from cultivation. Leaves of Ageratum conyzoides (a) and A. houstonianum (b).|Leaves of Ageratum conyzoides (a) and A. houstonianum (b). Common, cultivated in gardens, moist and shaded situations and around settlements, Reported as one of the naturalized American species collected by O. Kuntze in 1875, Common weed from low to middle elevations, In disturbed areas. Cornell Garden-Based Learning, Mykosen, 26:565-573, PFAF, 2016. Comments on the identity of Ageratum conyzoides L., and A. houstonianum Mill. He also reports the species having escaped from cultivation in Africa, China, India, France, Java, Okinawa (Japan), the Philippines, and North Vietnam. Wallingford, UK: CABI. National list of invasive and potentially invasive plants in the Republic of Cuba - 2011. (2013) report that the species can produce between 30,000 to 40,000 seedlings and 8-20 mature plants per m2 in Assam, India. 55, 584 pp. Maroyi A, 2006. Cronk Q C B, 1989. Tennyson S, Ravindran J, Eapen A, William J, 2012. Guide to the naturalized and invasive plants of Eastern Africa. A nonstop bloomer from mid summer to fall (Ageratum means 'long-lived' in Greek), it grows easily in shapely mounds ranging from 6-24 in. Effects of plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids on the northern root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla. Proceedings of the 24th Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference, Bandung, Indonesia, October 22-25, 2013 [The role of weed science in supporting food security by 2020. The cultivated varieties include tetraploids and hybrids (Johnson, 1971). Online Database. National list of invasive and potentially invasive plants in the Republic of Cuba - 2011. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 23(4):381-395. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09583157.2013.763904, Sorrie BA, 2005. Barua et al. http://www.hear.org/pier/index.html. Comments on the identity of Ageratum conyzoides L., and A. houstonianum Mill. Roadside, La Cumbre, Altamira, 300 m, Alta Verapaz, Baja Verapaz, Huehuetenango, Petén, San Marcos, Comayagua, Copán, Cortés, Francisco Morazán, Yoro, Type locality at Veracruz.

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